Dishwashing machine



May 21, 1935. E. s. sToDDARD DISHWASHING MACHINE Filed March 5, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet l y May 21, 1935.

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EfdgagrgjgwddafaQ Patented May 21, 1935 i i UNIT-ED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,002,300 DISHWASHING MACHINE Edgar S. Stoddard, Berwyn, lll., assignor to The Conover Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Application March 5, 1929, Serial No. 344,112 6 Claims. (Cl. 141-9) This invention relates to improvements in of 1,000 to 2,000 R. P. M. in the lower part of the washing machines, especially to dishwashing matank of the machine. Only the lower part of chines of the portable type. this impeller is immersed in the shallow liquid An object of this invention is to provide a pool in the lower partv of the tank. 'I'he shalportable washing machine which may be readily low liquid pool in the lower part of the machine 5 stored in limited spaces when not in use. is maintained in relatively quiescent condition Another object of this invention is to provide during the operation of the machine. As it a washing machine to which may be added wash turns, the impeller elevates the liquid from its and rinse liquids and from which Waste liquids lower immersed curved surfaces to its upper 10 may be removed in a Very convenient manner trough-shaped, concave projectors which throw 10 Without removal of the cover and without stopthe cleansing liquid at a tremendous velocity diping the machine. rectly upon, or into, the objects to be cleansed. A further object of this invention is to pro- Since there are no baies or deilectorsto break vide a domestic washing machine which may be the force of the projected liquid, the total force l5 readily moved about and which is adapted to of the projected mass of liquid is eective for 15 cooperate with an ordinary household sink in cleansing purposes. Although the velocity of the obtaining a supply of wash and rinse liquids and cleansing liquid is very high, the volume of in discharging its waste liquids. cleansing liquid is very small, and as a result a A still further object` of this invention is to very effective cleansing is obtained with a miniprovide a washing machine in which the liquid mum and most eicient use of power, soap and 20 level may be readily' determined and controlled. water. The projected mass of liquid at the same Another object ofY this invention is to protime keeps the interior of the tank of the mavide an electrical washing machine, the prochine clean and causes all the food particles and pelling or circulating member of which is diother solid matter to collect at the bottom of rectly connected to an inferiorly disposed motor the casing from whence they may be readily re- 25 and also to provide insulated, centered, lubrimoved. In the operation of this unencased imcated and watertight connections between said peller, it is important that only the lower porwashing machine and said motor. tion of the impeller be immersed in water since Many other objects will appear during the if the impeller be totally immersed, it will not course of the following specification, among the cause an eilicient cleansing action. In view of 30 more important ones of which are to provide a the fact that the dishes and other objects are self-cleansing machine, an improved moisture kept out of contact with the body of liquid conf tight cover, an improved impeller andbale systained in the bottom of the tank, and the cleanstem cooperating therewith, an improved ejector ing is solely due to contact with the projected 3" and baille-system cooperating therewith, an immass of liquid, it is important that the proper 36 proved jointure between the tank and pump well operating conditions be maintained for producso that possibility of rust formation within the ing such a cleansing action.

interior of the tank shall be greatly reduced, The following drawings illustrate one embodiimproved heat insulation, improved bearing conment of the invention as applied to the centrif- 0 struction, and an improved support. ugal spray projector-type of dishwashing ma- 40 Although this invention is broadly directed to chines, to which the invention is by no means improvements in connection with all dishwashrestricted.

ing machines, it is especially directed to im- Figure 1 represents a vertical sectional View provements to be used in connection with the of the washing machine upon the line I I of 4" centrifugal spray projector-type of washing ma- Figure 2; 45

chine, which is described and shown in the Pat- Figure'2 represents a sectional top view of'the ent 1,679,465 dated August 7, 1928, and copending tank of thewashing machine upon the line 2 2 applications Serial Nos. 193,414 and 262,652, filed of Figure 1; May 23, 1927, and March 19, 1928, respectively, Figures 3, 4 and 5 represent fragmentary verti- "0 the former having matured into Patent No. cal side views showing details of construction 50 1,943,636, dated January 16, 1934. of the measuring tank and liquid inlet conduit The functioning ofthistype. ofmachine deupon the lines 3 3, 4 4 and 5 5 of Figure 2 pends upon the operation of a small unencased respectively; screw-like impeller with spiraloid blades, which Figures 6, 7 and 8 represent sectional views 53 impeller rotates at a high velocity of the order upon the lines 6 6 and 1 1 of Figure 1 and 8 8 55 of Figure 2, respectively, and they show the construction of the pump well and chambers in greater detail;

Figure 9 is an illustration of a modied swinging inlet conduit;

Figure 10 represents a sectional view of a typical telescoplng tube construction and a typical liquid tight attachment of a conduit to a liquid containing can;

Figure 11 is a sectional view of the operating switch land its accessories; and

Figure 12 is a top view of the measuring tank illustrating its cover construction.

The washing machine (see Figures l and 2) is composed of a vertical cylindrical tank 2l which is provided with a cover. The lower portion of the tank is extended downwardly so as to provide a depending circular apron 23. On the lower edge of ythis apron 23 are three symmetrically positioned swivel rollers 2li by means of which the washing machine c an be readily moved from place to place. The tank and apron casing is provided with three strengthening ribs 25, the middle rib 25 also serving to locate the bottom of the tank. It is also provided with a centrally draining bottom 21 which may take the shape of an inverted frustum of a cone. The bottom 21 is attached to the side of the tank above the bead 25 by welding, soldering or some other water tight connection. The rim of the removed apexial portion of said bottom 2l is provided with a depending circular portion 28 which connects the tank with the combined pump well and journal casting. The tank of the machine may also be square, rectangular or polygonal in horizontal cross section. The bottom may be changed so as to drain to one side of the tank, if desired. In case it is desired to be able to move the dish racks into the tank of the machine from the side, the impeller can be placed adjacent to the side of corner removed from the entrance.

The depending portion 28 (see Figures 1 and 8) is adapted to be joined to the pump well casting 30 vby means of a. spun portion 29. This portion is attached to the outer wall of the casting 3i) by the screws 3|. Between the spun portion 29 and the projecting edge 32 of the casting, is clamped the circular gasket 33. This will insure a waterproof joint between the journal casting 30 and the body of the tank 2 l. By the external attachment of the spinning 29 to the external surface of the pump casting 30, the raw edges of the sheet metal tank 2| are positioned outside of the moisture zone, and greatly reduce the possibilities of rust formation within the washing chamber.

'I'he depending portion 28 forms -an upper chamber 4I. The casting 30 contains a lower chamber 42, a tubular bearing support member 43 and a lower flange 44 for attachment with the motor (see Figure 8). The lower chamber 42 is provided with a tubular projection 5l which leads to the liquid discharge conduit 52. The liquid discharge conduit 52 is contained in the elbow 53, the telescoping tubes 54, 54a and the spigot 55. The area of the liquid discharge con- -duit is made as large as possible at the point where it leaves the chamber 42 and it is then caused to decrease gradually as indicated at 35B. The reasons for this are that it is desirable that the liquid being discharged encounter as little resistance as possible in leaving the chamber l2 and at the same time that the volume of the discharge conduit should be as small as possible so that it will contain only a small amount of liquid when the discharge operation is completed.

The upper end of the outer tube 54a is threaded and is adapted to receive the nut 56. Within the nut 56 is the packing material 5l and the packing washer 66 (see Figure l0) the compression on which may be suitably varied, so as to obtain a substantially liquid tight connection between the telescoping tubes 54 and 54a. This variation in compression also controls the ease of sliding the pipes 54 and 54a in relation to each other due to the increase or decrease of the friction of the packing upon the inner tube. This acts as a frictional clutch to grip the inner pipe 54 and maintain it in an adjusted position. The inner tube 54 is adapted to be moved upwardly or downwardly and also turned around so as to 'cooperate with the basin of a domestic household sink or other suitable elevated place of liquid disposal. Attached to the inner tube 54, adja- 'cent the bottom thereof, is an enlargement 5l which is adapted to slide upon the inner wall of the tube 54a. When the yinner tube 54 is slid upwardly from within the outer tube 54a, this enlargement 6l acts as a stop member by striking the shoulders of the washer 65, preventing further upward movement of the tube 5d. The inner tube 54 may be telescoped downwardly within the outer tube 55a until the bottom of tube 54 or the enlargement 61 strikes the elbow 53. Fitted to the external portion of the outer tube 54, and in contact with the lower edge of the stuing nut 5S, is the locking device or nut 92 which prevents the packing gland from loosening in operation. l

The outer vertical tube 54a is adapted to pass through the tank 'l5 and is supported in the bottom thereof by a liquid tight connection (see Figures 5 and 10). This water tight connection is formed in the following manner. The threaded sleeve 93 isprovided with an upper nut Sli, which is soldered thereto. The combination is then placed upon the outer tube 54a, sothat it will cooperate with the bottom of the measuring tank 80, from which it will be separated by the upper packing washer 95. It is permanently fastened in this position by a welded or soldered joint or other water-tight connection. 'I'he lower portion of the threaded sleeve 93 will project down through the bottom 8|) and will be tted with the lower packing washer and the nut 94.

The inlet conduit 58 (see Figures l, 3 and 5) is partly contained in a horizontal swinging arm which is adapted to extend away from the tank 2| so as to cooperate with the faucets of a domestic household sink and which is also adapted to be placed over the cover 82 of the measuring tank 15 when the machine is not being utilized. The inlet conduit 58 is also partly contained in the telescoping tubes 59 which extend up along the side of the tank (see Figure 3).

The inlet conduit is constructed in the following manner. The rotatable funnel 60 (see Figures land 3) is adapted to cooperate with the faucets of an ordinary household sink. It is usually turned upwardly, as indicated, so as to receive the flow of liquid from a spigot or faucet. Attached to the funnel 60 is the horizontal tube 5| to whichis attached the insulating iiber handle 62, which may also be made of hard rubber, bakelite or other heat or electrical insulating material.

The handle 62 is preferably shrunken upon the tubing 6|. To the end of the tube 6| is attached the nut 63 which is provided with a hollow portion 64 for containing suitable stuffing material. The construction and operation of this packing gland is the same as that shown and described in connection with Figure 10. The tube 6I lits over and slides upon an inner tube 65. 'I'he inner tube 65 is provided with a stop 96 of similar construction as that shown in connection with the inner tube 54 (see Figure 10). The tube 65 continues into the elbow 68. The tube 6I is adapted to ride back and forth on the tube 65 so as to increase or decrease the distance between the funnel 60 and the elbow 68. If desired, the telescoping tubes 6I and 65 may be replaced by a single tube provided with an upwardly aredend as shown on Figure 9. 'I'he elbow 68 continues into the inner vertical tube 69 of telescoping tubes 59. Within the tele scoping tubes 59 is a water tight'filler or blocking means, in the form of a tube 12 to prevent accumulation of a large body of water below the bottom of the measuring tank 15. In the preferred embodiment, this filler comprises a tube 12 which is sealed at the upper end by the plug 11 and is connected to the nut 16 to form a water tight fitting. 'I'he nut 16 is .fastened to the external wall of the outer telescoping tube 59 forming a complete tubular 'water tight system. The sliding tube 69` is provided with a stop 14, With a packing gland 13 and with a water-tight .connection 1I to the bottom 80 of the measuring tank 15 similar to the construction and operation shown and described in connection with Figure 10. 'I'he lower end of the telescoping tubes 59 are supported by the bracket 300 which is attached to the side of the tank by the screw 30| (see Figure 3).

When the machine is to be charged with the predetermined amount of wash or rinse liquid the inlet conduit is adjusted so that the funnel 6I is operatively positioned under a spigot or faucet. In this position the lower end of the tube 69 is raised above the measuring tank bottom 80 permitting an inflow of water into the measuring tank through the lower end of the tube 69 and through the vertical slots 10 in the walls of the outer telescoping tube 59 immediately above the tank bottom 80.

'Ihe measuring chamber 15 is provided with a centrally sloping bottom 80, to the lowermost portion of which is attached the conduit 8|. The top of the tank is partially enclosed by the cover 82. This cover is provided with a downwardly bent portion 83 which has the marking 84. The marking 84 indicates the proper level to which the tank 15 should be filled, when the washing machine is to be charged with wash or rinse liquid. The top or cover of the measuring tank 15 is braced by the strips 320 and 32| and the angles 322 and 324 (see Figures 3, 4, 5 and 12). Strips 32| and 324 extend all the way across the top of the tank, while the angles merely support 'the sides` of the cover 'adjacent to the ends of the cover. The strips 320 and 32| and the angles 322 and 324 are'attached to or contacted with the sides and the cover of the measuring tank.

The outer edge of the cover rests upon the bent-A over portion or bead 326 at the top of the sides of the measuring tank. In order to permit the portion 33 to extend down into the tank, the edge of this portion is removed as indicated at 321. The sides 321 of the measuring tank are attached to a back plate 328, which is in turnattached to the main body of the tank. The back-plate 328 extends up to the upper bead of the :nain tank 2| and its lower edge is bolted to the tank 2| by the screws 329. The side edges of the tank are beaded over, and Welded to, the'sides of the back plate, as indicated at 330. The vvalve rod 9| and the inlet and outlet conduits pass through the The rod 9| is prevented cover of the measuring tank. The valve rod also passes through the bracing strip 32|.

The conduit 8| fits into the lowermost portion of the tank bottom 80 and aiords the means by which the liquid in the measuring tank 15 may be discharged at will into the main tank 2|. The conduit 8| is provided with a horizontal portion 85. 'I'he conduit 8| is attached to the bottom of the measuring tank and to the side of the dishwashing tank respectively by the threaded fittings 86 and the joints are rendered water-tight by the packings 81, which fittings and packings are similar to those shown in Figure l0.

The conduit 8| is adapted to be opened or closed by the swinging valve 88 which is actuated by the link 89. This link is connected to the handle 90. The-rod 9| passes through a frictional clutching device 98, comprising the threaded nipple 99, which is mounted in the cover support |00, and the friction medium |0I, which is held in place andadjustment by the nut |02. from rotating by the pin |03 in the verticalA slot |04 (also see Figure 5). The slot |04 further acts to limit the vertical movement of the vertical rod 89. The rod 89 is pivotally connected to the rod 9| by the pin 19. The valve 88 comprises the angular seat |05 and the cooperating swinging portion |06. The actuating link 89 is connected to the swinging portion |06 bythe hook |01. In the embodiment shown a sediment plug |08 is provided for emergency purposes. The passage of water through the valve may be further limited by the adjustable plug |I0 which controls the movementy of the swinging portion |06 by cooperating with the contact portion III. During the charging of the measuring tank 15 the valve 88 in the conduit 8| is kept closed by lowering the handle 90. When the machine is to be charged, the measuring tank is filled to the level 84 with wash or rinse liquid. Then the handle 90 is elevated, opening the valve 88 and the liquid in tank 15 is permited to iiow into the tank 2| The tubular member 43 (see Figures 1, 6 and 8) in the particular embodiment of the invention shown contains the bearings II8 and |I9 for the driving shaft |20 of the water impelling member. These bearing members are press ttted into recesses in the top and bottom of the tubular member 43. They are preferably self lubricating bearings of suitable composition, although standard bearing metal units may be utilized for this purpose. If desired they may be screwed rather than pressed into place. The interior portion of the tubular member 43 between bearings I I8 and I |9 is made of slightly larger diameter than the interiordiameter of the bearings II8 and II9 and the outside diameter of the shaft |20. The water impelling member consists of a cylindrical shell I 2| to the exterior of which are attached the circular inclined blades |22 which vterminate in enlarged concave centrifugal spray-projectors 1 |23. The upper part of the shell |2| (see especially Figure 8) is attached tothe nut |24 which is screwed upon the threaded extension `|25 of the shaft I 20.. The nut |24 screws down |29 leads from the grease compartment within the cup to the upper bearing ||9. This grease cup may be omitted when self lubricating bearings vare utilized.

The shaft |20 is connected to the shaft |33 of the motor |34 by means of the insulating coupling |35. The insulating coupling |35 (see Figures 1, '7 and 8) consists of two C-shaped members |36`the ends of which are attached to, and pass through, the insulating disk |31 which is preferably made of hard rubber, but under different conditions may be made of bakelite or vulcanized fibre. The yoke or clevis members |36 are positioned so that their concave surfaces oppose one another and so that the legsof the opposing members will be in planes at 90 other. These members are fastened to the member |31 either by riveting, bolting or other means of attachment.

The motor is centered in the following manner (see Figures 1 and 8). The lower part of the casting 30 has a flange 44 which is provided with the circular shoulder |53. The upper part of the motor casing is similarly shouldered or recessed as indicated at |54 and these two shoulders are adapted to cooperate and hold the motor shaft firmly centered in respect to the impeller shaft |20. The flange 44 is provided with a series of symmetrically arranged holes (see Figure 7) through which bolts |56 may be passed. These bolts screw into suitable tapped openings in the end bell of the motor |34. The bolts |56 are insulated from the journal casting 30 by' means of the molded rubber, bakelite, etc. insulating disk. This disk is provided with the vertical cylindrical insulating -sleeve portions |56, which llt over the portions of the bolt |56 which pass through the ilange 44, and the at annular insulating ring portion |59, which nts between the flange 44 and the end bell of the motor. The inner portion of the annular ring |59 is provided with a shouldered portion |50 which rests between the cooperating shoulders |53 and |54. The concentric bosses |49 are provided on the upper face of the flange 44 at the bolt holes to prevent the easy access of small quantities of water to the bolts |56. The bolts |56 are further insulated by the insulating washer |48 which separates the bolt |56 from the boss |49.

The impeller shell |2| (see Figures 1, 6 and 8) which is attached to the nut |24 projects continuously downwardly into the pump chamber 42. The lower portion of sh'ell within the chamber 42 is provided with a centrifugal device |61.

The centrifugal device |61. is adapted to turn in the chamber 42 in the casting 30. The lower edge of the tube |2| is provided with an outwardly curved portion flange |16, `which prevents the centrifugal de'ee" |61 from slipping downwardly off the sleeve. Above the flange l|16 and within the chamber 42, the sleeve |2| is provided with one outwardly projecting button |13 to serve as a means of preventing slippage between sleeve |2| and the curved ejector blades |61 clampingly mounted thereon. Above the single button |13 and within the chambers 42 the sleeve |22 is provided with four symmetrically positioned outwardly projected buttons |11 to prevent the ejector |61 from moving upward on sleeve |2I. The centrifugal device |61 consists of two curved members |66 (see Figure 6) the ends of which are widened as indicated at |10. These members are curved so that they impart a suitable amount of centrifugal motion to the liquids in the chamber 42 to remove them from the tank 2| through the outlet system. The members |66 have a central or clamping portion |68, each of to eaclr.

which partially embraces the shell |60. These central portions cooperate with each other to grasp the lower portion of the sleeve |2| and they are bolted together as indicated at |69. The driving button |13 will fit into the opening which is caused by the jointure at |69 between the opposite clamped central portions |68 of the centrifugal device |61.

The centrifugal device |61 is provided with blades curved convexly to the direction of rotation, so as to follow the shape of the rotating water. The curve of the blade may preferably be an arc of a circle. The-outer edge of the blade continued should form an angle with the tangent to the outer wall of the chamber 42 which is less than 90 and preferably less than 45. In the embodiment shown it is about 15. This angle ymay also be attained by means of a straight blade which is bent away from a radius, but a curved blade is most efcient. The curved blade is widened as it leaves the central shell so that it will create its maximum centrifugal force in the outer portion of the chamber 42. It should also have as much active area as possible adjacent to the central shell, but the area should be so regulated that it will not create suicient centrifugal force adjacent to the inlet into the chamber 42 to throw the liquid upwardly therethrough. The blades should be so sized and driven at such a rate as lto discharge the machine in less than a minute.

For example, if the machine normally lcontains 5 to 51/2 quarts of water, it should be discharged in less than 1/2 minute, in preferably about 1/3 minute. If it contains l0 quarts, in preferably about 3/4 minute. The rate of discharge should be such that there should be no violent splashing as the water empties into the sink.

The lower chamber 42 in the journal casting 30 in which the centrifugal device |61 rotates is separated from the upper chamber 4| by means of the plate |80 (see Figures 1, 2 and 8). The upper side of the plate |80 is provided with the outwardly tangentially projecting ribs or bales |6|, the outer ends |82 of which clear the upper outer rim of the ange 32 of the casting 30. The plate |30 has a centralannular opening which permits passage of liquids into the chamber 42 from the chamber 4|. The central annular opening is made of such width (see Figure 2) as to exclude particles from chamber 42 which will tend to bend the blades of the centrifugal device. The width of the annular opening is usually between about 1% to 1% but preferably should not be less than 1/3 nor more than 1/2.". The discharge opening from the chamber 42 should be preferably equal in area or slightly smaller than the annular inlet opening. The ribs |8| are preferably tangent to a circle of slightly larger diameter than the dlameter of the outer boundary of the annular opening. They serve to prevent the swirling of the water as it enters the pump chamber 42 through the opening 426.

The top of the impeller shell |2| is elevated above the normal water level. There will be very little tendency for water leakage to take place past the bearings of the shaft |20 under normal conditions. It will be noted that the impeller sleeve |2| forms an apron-like enclosure over the top of the tubular bearing member 43 so that an air 'pocket is formed between the interior of the impeller sleeve and the tubular bearing.

The outside (see Figures 1 and 8) is caused to increase as such journal member 43 approaches the lower portion of the sleeve |2|.

The impeller sleeve is made-' diameter of the journal member 43 substantially cylindrical with the same interior diameter from top to bottom. As a result there will be a much smaller annular space |81 between the impeller shell 2| and the tubular bearing member 43 at the lower part of the impeller sleeve than there will be adjacent to the upper part of the impeller sleeve. 'I'his decreases the tendency for the water to enter the annular space between the tubular bearing 43 and the interior of the impeller sleeve 2| The air which is trapped in this annular space will be prevented from leaking through the bearing 9 by the lubricant contained in such close-fitting bearing. Y

The channel |98 (see Figure 8) in the end bell of the motor |34 is drained to the exterior by drain hole or slot |99 so that no water accumulates to ground the motor on the tank.

Figure 1 shows the details of the improved lid or cover 22 and the air vent therein. The lid is provided with handles 200 which are positioned diametrically opposite and adjacent to the edge of the lid. 'I'he cover 22 is preferably made flat and it is provided in the preferred form with a central opening 2| I, theedges 2|2 of which are bent downwardly. Below the opening 2|| is placed a dome 2 3 which is supported in a depending well A2|4 which is attached to the cover 22. Between the dome 2|3 andthe depending well 2|4 is a large area of opening through which air or vapor can escape. The dome structure will prevent any spray from escaping from the appa-v ratus, acting as sort of a baille separator. It will be-noted that the lower horizontal portion 2 I5 of the depending well 2 |4 slopes inwardly and downwardly so that any moisture'separated by the dome 2|3 can readily drain backinto the body of the tank through the lower opening in 2 I4. n

Theedge of the lid 22 is provided with a lip 2 |8 (see `Figures 1 and 3) which is adapted to rest adjacent to the upper beaded edge 2 6 of the tank 2|. The lid is provided with a downwardly projecting cylindrical portion 2|1, the lower edge of which is adapted to rest upon the upper bead 25. This will produce a very ell'ective moisture tight joint between the lid and the body of the tank. 'I'he inwardly projecting bead 2|9 on the upper portion of tank 2| between the upper bead 25 and the curved edge 2|6 is adapted to cooperate the depending loosely with the outwardly projecting bead 220 on the depending portion 2| 'I of the cover` 22. 'I'he combination 6I the baiiing effect of the cooperating beads 2 |9-220, and of the lower edge of portion 2|l of the cover 22 with the inwardly shelving bead 25 oi the tank 2| with the resultant expansion chambers 22| and 222 serves to `provide a moisture-tight seal. 'I'he resultant Joint must be loose enough to permit the slow passage of gases through the chambers 22| and 22. 'I'he lengthv of the depending rim 2|1 vtamed so that it will approaches 90 to the side to the lid. 'Ihe vertical ychamber 222. The beads, 2|9

will vary inverselyl as the angle between the impacting stream of water and the side of the tank adjacent to the jointure with the cover. The rim 2|?- will be shortened as the angle of impact of the water against the vertical side of the tank 2| of the tank'adjacent distances between the 25-2I1 should be proporbe beyond the splashing ranged! the water paSsingthe line of .contact -ZII and striking against the walls of the -220 will reduce the tendency' o1' the soap bubbles to pass from the chamber 222 to chamber 22|. The beads 2|9-229 may be omitted i1' 'soap or other similar contacts 2|6-2I8 and Afrothing agents7 are not ut The electrical connection to the motor may be actuated by the switch 225 (see Figures 1, 2 and 5) which is placed adjacent to the top of the tank 2 I. The extension cable when not in use may be held in a hook-shaped member 226. lThe switch 225 and the hook 226 are attached to the side of the tank 15 by the screws 221 which pass through both. The cord 229 passes from the switch 225 through the supporting spring 228 and the insulating bushings 230 (see Figure 11). Figure 11 is a sectional view through the switch 225, the i'nsulators 230 and the spring 228. The insulators 230 are designed to act as an attachment between the switch 225 and the spring 228 and as a desirable terminal insulator for the end of the supporting spring 228. The cable 229 leads down along the side o'f the tank to the motor |34.

The interior bottom of the tank 2| is provided with the symmetrically positioned baiiies 240 (see Figures 1 and 2). These bales 240 are attached to bottom of the tank adjacent to the center at 24| and adjacent to the vertical wall at 242. These bales are curved and are spaced a slight distance from the bottom of the tank between their points of attachment. Four bames 240 are shown in the embodiment of Figure 2, but less than four or preferably more than four, might be utilized. These bailles tend to prevent swirling of the water in the lower part of the tank and tend to assist its return to the point of lowest level in the tank.` The baiiies are so curved so as to change the rotational movement of the water into an inwardly directed radial movement. The curvature of the baffle against the direction of rotation increases as-its distance fromvthe center of the machine increases and as it acts upon liquid with a higher rotational velocity in the outer part of the bottom of the tank. The central portions 325 of the bailles 24|) are radial. The spacings 326 between the baiiles 240 and the bottom 21 of the tank 2| are provided (see Figure 1) to equalize the pressures on both sides of the baiiles; The baiiles will increase the emciency of the impeller asthey will prevent the formation of a vortex. The baiiles 240 should reach the highest operating water level.

The baiiles |8| (see Figure 2) are made parallel to the radial portions 325 of these baiiies 325 are parallel to the pump chamber outlet and two of them are perpendicular thereto.

The upper rack .structure 250 and the lower rack,A

structure 25| are shown in vertical section in Figure 1. These sections are rigidly connected toeach other by the vertical wires 249. The rack construction is more fully shown and described in the copending application Serial No. 354,209 filed April 11, 1929, which has matured into Patent No. 1,971,587, dated August 28, 1934. The upper rack structure is made in .two parts; ,an interior portion 252 and an exterior portion 253. 'I'he interior portion 252 is pivotally attached to the inner edge of the exterior portion and the exterior portion 253 is rigidly supported on the lower rack structure as described above. ,The upper rack isdesigned to hold the cups; glasses and deep of the ballles 240. Two n vessels which are usually placed thereon with n their basin portions downward. It will be noted that the basin portions of these articles will facetoward the impeller to a greater or lesser degree so that the cleansing spray will strike them in a mbo'st effective manner. In the case of such vessels manner that the stream will strike the center side bottom of the basin portion perpendicularly and then will be thrown out toward the sides of the basin portion. The outer portions of thesevessels which are more readily cleansed will be struck by the sprays, which pass between the vessels, and by the returning spray. The dishes can be conveniently placed in these. racks, or removed from these racks, either while the racks are in the tank, or when they are removed from the tank. The inner hinged rack 252 may bev swung to a vertical position and in this manner ready access may be had to the lower rack 25| and to the bottom of the tank. The lower rack 25| may be supported upon the bottom of the tank by three or more downwardly projecting legs 250 or/and the impeller guard member 210. The lower' rack contains a special perforated sheet metal holder 26|, which is positioned in such a manner that knives, forks and spoons will receive the full effect of the cleansing spray. A series of wire holders are arranged in said lower rack so as to provide a holder for the dishes. The impeller may turn clockwise looking down and the concave portion of the dishes should be placed, so that they will face the spray which is hurled or projected by such rapidly rotating impeller. The backs of the plates are cleansed by the baied and returning spray and streams or droplets of water.

In the lower part of the tank is an impeller guard (see Figure l). The guard 210 consists of a protective cage for the impeller. The protective cage is formed of a series of concentric wire rings 211 and 218 which are welded to the vertical and horizontal portions of the radial wires 21,| at various elevations. The wires 21| terminate in part at, and are welded to, the wire ring 218 which is above the impeller shaft. The.

protective cage will prevent the articles being cleansed and the hands from coming in contact with the turning impeller under normal circumstances. The upper part of the cage is left open as indicated so that ready access will be had to the grease cup |21 without removing the guard. The upper three. concentric rings A211 and the ring 218 are spaced on the vertical wires 21| so that there will be the maximum space available for the passage of the projected cleansing fluids from the impeller to the dishes and the maximum protectionagainst silverware and dishes falling into impeller. There is very little probability of articles dropping upon, or, into, this portion of the cage while the impeller is in rotation. 'Ihe lower three rings 211 are so positioned on the wires 21|, and a suitable number of additional vertical wires, are added to provide the maximum protection against the passage of relatively small articles intothe guard or impeller without materially diminishing the speed of the returning cleansing liquids to the impeller. The wires 21| are so shaped at the bottom as to snap into` the outwardly projecting bead 248, which holds the guard rigidly in position and properly spaces it from the impeller and the vertical walls of the chamber 4|. These lower three wires 211 and the vertical wires 21| tend to prevent any articles, which may have been misplaced in the dish and silver racks and fallen to the bottom of the tank during the washing operation, from contacting with the rapidly rotating impeller.

In the preferred form both the interior and exten'or of the lid and tank body are coated 'with glass enamel, so that the amount of heat transference therethrough will be reduced to a minimum. I'he use of glass enamel will give a much better appearance to the machine and will also enable the machine to be much more readily cleansed. It will be noted that .the interior of the tank contains practically no crevices or recesses, in which dirt can collect and not be subjected tothe direct cleansing action of the spray projected by the impeller. The use of a smooth inner coating of glass enamel will greatly increase the self cleansing properties of the machine. It will be noted that there is nothing over the water impeller in the center of the machine to interfere with the direct action between the projected spray and the articles upon the upper and lower sections of the rack structure.

The machine is operated in the following manner. The dishes and articles to be cleansed are placed in the upper and lower sections of the rack, and the rack is then placed in the machine. If desired, the rack may be loaded in place in the machine. After theloaded rack is placed in the tank, the cover is placed in position. Before the cover is closed twol tablespoonfuls of soap flakes are preferably placed in the tank of the machine. 'Ihe `concentration of soap should be such that the cleansing fluid has suiiicient viscosity and froth to emulsify and/or support the grease and food particles tobe carried out of the machine. The machine is usually adapted to hold eleven pints of water, when in operation. If ordinary water is being used, it is best to place a teaspoonful, or sufficient quantity of a water softener, say tri-sodium phosphate, in the funnel 5D of the swinging arm containing the conduit 59 or in the tank 15. It is preferable to treat the water with vthe water softener before it is utilized to make a soap solution. It is assumed that this arm has already been adjusted so it will be of the proper height and length to cooperate with the faucet of a standard sink. The funnel is then placed under the spigot of the sink. The tank 2| is then charged in the manner previously described, hot water preferably being utilized. Before the tank 2| has been charged, the switch 225 is actuated so as to initiate rota-tion of the impeller. By setting the impeller in rotation before adding the cleansing uids, the starting torque required of the motor is reduced and the tendency toward the evolution of large volumes or sudden rushes of steam, which cause lifting of lid and upsetting of the glassware and dishes may be practically eliminated. This possibility of charging the machine with a measured volume of cleansing uid while the impeller is in rotation enables the operator to save some time in the performance of the series of steps involved in dishwashing.v The relatively slow addition of cleansing fluid to the rotating impeller is preferable to the sudden initiation of rotation when the impeller islimmersed to its normal static level. The dishes are allowed to wash for about five minutes, more or less, depending upon their condition. Then the spigot 55 is adjusted s`o that it will discharge into a sink or other place of waste disposal, the conduit 52 being opened. Since the motor is still running the centrifugal device |61 will exhaust substantially all of the waste liquid from the tank. The spigot 55 is then actuated to close the passage 52. water, after placing a 'teaspoonfuL or suicient quantity of water softener, to prevent the dishes and apparatus from being coated with lime soaps, in the funnel 60 or the tank 15. The machine is then allowed to operate for a minute and is again discharged. The waste rinse .water will then be exhausted to the sink or other place of The tank is then charged with hot rinse disposal. The machine may then again be rinsed in a similar manner by using clear hot water. 'I'his is done preferably without the softening agent being added so as to decrease the tendency of spotting due to a lessened amount of solids in solution in the rinsing water. After exhausting the second rinse water, the cover of the machine is removed and the racks of hot dishes are lifted from the machine and placed in the open to hasten drying. In case too much soap is put in the machine, the-suds will become so thick as to make it diflicult to discharge the machine. In such a case, additional water is allowed to enter the machine so as to dilute the suds and enable them to be removed. l

What is claimed is:

1. In a washing machine, a vertical tank forming a washing chamber and having a draining 4bottom, a discharge chamber communicating with the lower portion of said draining bottom,a discharge conduit communicating with said discharge chamber, said conduit having a portion extending downwardly and outwardly from the discharge chamber, a vertical portion communieating therewith, and a horizontal terminating portion communicating with the upper part of said vertical portion, and a centrifugal pump in said discharge chamber forejecting water through said conduit.

2. In a washing machine, a tank having a centrally draining bottom, a rotatable upright uenclosed impeller mounted above the lower portion of said draining bottom and spaced therefrom, a plurality of bailles secured to said draining bottom and spaced between said impeller and the wall of said tank, said bames being spaced from said draining bottom and adapted to retard rotation oit-liquid; and a well chamber communicating centrally with the bottom beneath said impeller.

with a centrally draining bottom, an upright un- `enclosed spray projecting impeller rotatably mounted above the lower portion of said bottom. a well chamber communicating centrally with the lower portion of the draining bottom, bailes positioned on the draining bottom and spaced from said impeller and the wall of said tank, said bafiles being spaced from said draining bottom.

4. In a dishwashing machine, a tank provided with a centrally draining bottom, an .upright rotatable impeller positioned above the lower portion of the draining bottom, banies positioned on said draining bottom, the inner ends oi' said baiiies extending radially from the lower part of said tank, and the outer ends of said bailles being curved opposite to the direction of rotation of the impeller and spaced from the wall of said tank. A

5. In a dishwashing machine, a tank provided with a centrally draining bottom, an impeller rotatable on a substantially vertical axis positioned above the lower portion of the draining bottom, bailles mounted on said draining bottom and spaced therefrom, said bames being curved against the direction of impeller rotation and spaced from the tank wall.

6. In a dishwashing machine, a tank provided with a centrally draining bottom, an impeller rotatable on a substantially vertical axis positioned above the lower portion of the draining bottom, baiiles mounted on said draining bottom and spaced therefrom, the inner'ends of said bailies extending outwardly adjacent said impeller and radially therefrom, and the outer ends of said bailles being curved against the direction oi' rotation of said impeller adjacent the wall of said tank.

EDGAR. S. STODDARD. 

